Part 1: Introduction of manganese steel
History
Sir Robert Hadfield’s discovery of manganese steel came to limelight in 1882. He was looking for a steel, which possessed the properties of hardness, and toughness a combination of which was then very rare to come by. His first attempt was based on 3–4 percent manganese addition to a low carbon steel, the result of the tested piece was hard and brittle. The second attempt was 10- 14 percent manganese. After a suitable heat treatment, the steel possessed the properties of toughness combined with a remarkable resistance to wear and abrasions This gave birth to Hadfield’s Steel. Hadfield`s steel is unique in that it combined high toughness and ductility with high work-hardening capacity and, usually, good resistance to wear. Consequently, it rapidly gained acceptance as a very useful engineering material. Hadfield`s austenitic manganese steel is still used extensively, with minor modifications in composition and heat treatment, primarily in the fields of earthmoving, mining, quarrying, oil well drilling, steelmaking, railroading, dredging, lumbering, and in the manufacture of cement and clay products. Austenitic manganese steel is used in equipment for handling and processing earthen materials (such as rock crushers, grinding mills, dredge buckets, power shovel buckets and teeth, and pumps for handling gravel and rocks). Other applications include crusher hammers and grates for automobile recycling and military applications such as tank track pads.
Typical composition of Austenitic manganese steel
Characteristics of austenitic manganese steel
Austenitic manganese steel remains tough at subzero temperatures. The steel is apparently immune to hydrogen embrittlement. There is gradual decrease in impact strength with decreasing temperature. The transition temperature is not well defined because there is no sharp inflection in the impact strength-temperature curve down to temperatures as low as -85oC. At a given temperature and section size, nickel and manganese additions are usually beneficial for enhancing impact strength, while higher carbon and chromium levels are not. Resistance to crack propagation is high and is associated with very sluggish progressive failures. Because of this, any fatigue cracks that develop might be detected, and the affected part or parts removed from service before complete failure occurs. Yield strength and hardness vary only slightly with section size. The hardness of most grades is about 200 HB after solution annealing and quenching, but this value has little significance for estimating machinability or wear resistance.
Key Factors
Austenitic manganese steel was discovered by R. A. Hadfield in 1882 and since then it has become one of the most important steels where erosion of components takes place by continued abrasion and impact. It is a 1.2% carbon – 12% manganese alloy steel heat treated to an austenitic condition, which is stable at room temperature. Outstanding toughness, high strain hardening capacity and paramagnetism are the principle virtues of manganese steel.
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don@bdiwearparts.com
History
Sir Robert Hadfield’s discovery of manganese steel came to limelight in 1882. He was looking for a steel, which possessed the properties of hardness, and toughness a combination of which was then very rare to come by. His first attempt was based on 3–4 percent manganese addition to a low carbon steel, the result of the tested piece was hard and brittle. The second attempt was 10- 14 percent manganese. After a suitable heat treatment, the steel possessed the properties of toughness combined with a remarkable resistance to wear and abrasions This gave birth to Hadfield’s Steel. Hadfield`s steel is unique in that it combined high toughness and ductility with high work-hardening capacity and, usually, good resistance to wear. Consequently, it rapidly gained acceptance as a very useful engineering material. Hadfield`s austenitic manganese steel is still used extensively, with minor modifications in composition and heat treatment, primarily in the fields of earthmoving, mining, quarrying, oil well drilling, steelmaking, railroading, dredging, lumbering, and in the manufacture of cement and clay products. Austenitic manganese steel is used in equipment for handling and processing earthen materials (such as rock crushers, grinding mills, dredge buckets, power shovel buckets and teeth, and pumps for handling gravel and rocks). Other applications include crusher hammers and grates for automobile recycling and military applications such as tank track pads.
Typical composition of Austenitic manganese steel
Characteristics of austenitic manganese steel
Austenitic manganese steel remains tough at subzero temperatures. The steel is apparently immune to hydrogen embrittlement. There is gradual decrease in impact strength with decreasing temperature. The transition temperature is not well defined because there is no sharp inflection in the impact strength-temperature curve down to temperatures as low as -85oC. At a given temperature and section size, nickel and manganese additions are usually beneficial for enhancing impact strength, while higher carbon and chromium levels are not. Resistance to crack propagation is high and is associated with very sluggish progressive failures. Because of this, any fatigue cracks that develop might be detected, and the affected part or parts removed from service before complete failure occurs. Yield strength and hardness vary only slightly with section size. The hardness of most grades is about 200 HB after solution annealing and quenching, but this value has little significance for estimating machinability or wear resistance.
Key Factors
Austenitic manganese steel was discovered by R. A. Hadfield in 1882 and since then it has become one of the most important steels where erosion of components takes place by continued abrasion and impact. It is a 1.2% carbon – 12% manganese alloy steel heat treated to an austenitic condition, which is stable at room temperature. Outstanding toughness, high strain hardening capacity and paramagnetism are the principle virtues of manganese steel.
www.bdiwearparts.com
don@bdiwearparts.com
Manganese Steel Buyer's Guide (keep update)
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